Industrial Pollution
Industrial types, whose raw material is soil, have a negative effect on the soil and cause soil loss. The brick and tile industry uses the most fertile soils of 40-50 cm on the land surface as raw materials. The land structure of the remaining part deteriorates and loses its ability to be suitable for agriculture.
In order to operate the mines, the cover layer on the mine is removed, which causes the vegetation to deteriorate. In this case, vegetation should be enriched in order to prevent soil loss.
Prevention of Soil Pollution
The principles for the prevention and removal of soil pollution are as follows:
– It is essential to prevent soil pollution at its source.
– It is forbidden to carry out activities such as directly or indirectly dumping and storing all kinds of wastes and residues in the soil, in violation of the standards and methods determined in the Environmental Law and relevant legislation.
– Dirty soil cannot be mixed with clean soil.
– Measures are taken to prevent soil pollution by considering the possibility of accidents in activities or facilities where hazardous materials are used, stored, produced and wastes are produced, disposed of or recycled.
Effects of Erosion
The destruction of vegetation increases erosion as well as landslides, floods and avalanches. It becomes unable to feed the people living on the inefficient and destroyed agricultural lands, increasing the migration from the rural areas to the cities, causing major economic and social problems.
While the destruction of pastures causes a decline in animal husbandry, it results in a decrease in income and a narrowing of job opportunities. The destruction of vegetation increases erosion as well as landslides, floods and avalanches. The fertile soils transported as a result of erosion fill the dam lakes and shorten their economic life.
As a result of the climate change and the deteriorated ecological balance caused by the loss of green cover and soil, natural assets are lost in serious dimensions and cause economic damage. Since a surface without vegetation and soil cannot absorb snow and rain water, natural water resources cannot be fed regularly and continuously. It takes thousands of years for lost ground cover to regenerate.
Effects of Age and Desolation
As a result of climatic effects, some soils may be wet at certain times of the year and barren at certain times. In both cases, it becomes difficult to use the land, its productivity decreases, and negative environmental effects are encountered.
Effects of Stone and Cliff
Stony is the share of stones with a diameter of more than 25 cm on and in the soil, and it is not a problem caused by human activities, but a result of the natural characteristics of the soil. As the stony residue increases, the use of pesticides becomes more difficult, and it becomes impossible to cultivate effective plants. On the other hand, rocky is the situation where there is too thin soil cover to be used on bare native rocks.
Fertilizer and the Effects of Fertilization
Although fertilization is done to increase the fertility of the soil, in some cases it causes significant soil problems. The negative effects of fertilization can be grouped under two main headings.
– Fertilization without knowing the soil: Fertilizing without knowing the soil and analyzing what the soil needs; By using the wrong type of fertilizer, it causes the plants to burn or dry out, to give fertilizer to the wrong soil depths at an inappropriate time, to reduce the yield, to deteriorate the soil structure and conditions, and to deteriorate the plant-nutrient balance in the soil.
– Excessive fertilization: Nitrogen fertilizers used at high rates may mix with groundwater and rivers as a result of washing the soil and increase the nitrate level in the water.
The use of phosphorus fertilizers leads to more phosphate mixing into drinking and utility water. Excess nitrogen fertilizers cause an increase in nitrogen-type carcinogenic substances in plants grown in the soil.
