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Academy Europe Science & Research Courses
Plant Ecology
The course content offers an overview of physiological plant ecology, which examines how environmental factors affect the biological processes, growth, and distribution of organisms. It systematically explores three major environmental influences: water, temperature, and radiant energy (light), detailing their direct and indirect effects on plant functions such as photosynthesis, cell…
Aquatic Primary Production and Measurement Methods
This course offers a comprehensive academic overview of aquatic primary productivity, which forms the energetic foundation of all aquatic food webs. It begins by defining primary productivity as the rate of organic material increase, primarily through photosynthesis carried out by plants like algae and bacteria. The text then details various…
Aerosol Characteristics, Dynamics, and Measurement
This course, extracted from a document on aerosols, offers a comprehensive overview of particulate matter suspended in a gas, including its formation mechanisms like nucleation and comminution. A significant portion of the text focuses on particle size characterisation, detailing various definitions of characteristic diameters and methods for measuring size distribution,…
Acid Rain Chemistry, Monitoring, and Trends
This course offers a comprehensive overview of acid rain, defining it as precipitation with a pH lower than 5.6 and discussing its physical and chemical basis, including the scavenging processes of chemicals in the atmosphere. It explores monitoring networks such as the NADP/NTN in the United States, detailing the equipment,…
Fossil Fuel Cleaning Processes and Desulfurization
This course provides a comprehensive overview of fossil fuel cleaning processes, focusing heavily on methods for reducing sulfur and particulate emissions prior to combustion, which is stated to be more energy efficient than treating flue gases. It details various hydrodesulfurization techniques used in the petroleum industry to clean fuel oil,…
Applied Mathematics for Economics
This course is an extensive collection of excerpts, likely from a mathematics textbook focused on applications in business and economics. It covers foundational topics such as linear functions, functional models for profit, cost, and revenue, and introduces concepts like break-even analysis and market equilibrium. A substantial portion is dedicated to…
Atmospheric Chemistry Pollution, Acid, and Ozone Dynamics
This course offers a comprehensive overview of atmospheric chemistry, defining it as a scientific field concerned with the composition, origin, and chemical role of substances in the air. The discussion thoroughly examines air pollution issues such as photochemical oxidants and acid deposition, emphasising the complex interplay of chemical and physical…
Air Pollution Meteorology and Climatic Effects
The course content, an excerpt from “AIR POLLUTION METEOROLOGY,” provides a detailed examination of the intricate relationship between weather conditions and air pollution. It highlights how atmospheric factors, such as wind, temperature, and turbulence, influence the transport, dispersion, and concentration of pollutants. The document explains the necessity of meteorological data…
Biological Treatment of Wastewater Systems and Kinetics
This course is an extensive overview of biological treatment of wastewater, detailing the fundamental principles, kinetic models, and various system configurations used in the process. It begins by explaining that this treatment method utilises microorganisms, primarily bacteria, to stabilise and remove biologically degradable substances. The text explores metabolic reactions (oxidation,…