V. Auxiliary Systems and Applications
- Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
An SMPS is an electronic power supply that incorporates a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike linear supplies, it switches between low-dissipation (full-ON, full-OFF) states and spends minimal time in high-dissipation transitions, leading to less wasted energy and a more compact design.
- Dual Converters
A dual converter consists of two converters connected back-to-back. This configuration allows for four-quadrant operation (both positive and negative voltage and current), making it essential for applications requiring regenerative braking, such as variable speed drives (VFDs).
- Battery Chargers
A battery charger uses electric current to store energy in a secondary cell or battery. The specific charging protocol depends on the battery’s size and chemistry.
- Charging Rate (C): The rate of charge or discharge relative to the battery’s capacity in one hour.
- Types of Chargers:
- Simple: Supplies a constant DC source.
- Fast: Uses control circuitry for rapid charging without cell damage.
- Inductive: Uses electromagnetic induction.
- Intelligent: Communicates with a chip inside the battery.
- Motion-powered: Utilizes human motion to generate a charge.