Organic Chemistry Basics
Organic Chemistry Basics https://youtu.be/Wo22xuChBcE Certification Academy Europe presents high-quality formal diplomas, certificates and e-certificates which are formal proof and recognition of accredited online courses. It shows all student’s abilities to learn and achieve high results and is very useful to promote personal career including with CVs, job applications and self…
The Chemistry of Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates (also called saccharides) are molecular compounds made from just three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides (e.g. glucose) and disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) are relatively small molecules. They are often called sugars. Other carbohydrate molecules are very large (polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose). https://youtu.be/8Q4toJyrgKU Carbohydrates are: a source of energy for…
Triacylglycerol Metabolism
Triacylglycerides possess a glycerol backbone, derived from either glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate produced in glycolysis. Esterified to the glycerol backbone are three fatty acid chains, which consist of nonpolar hydrocarbon tails that vary in their length as well as the degree of saturation. https://youtu.be/DF4hQveQ9g8 Triacylglycerol occurs in human metabolism in two roles, namely (a)as…
Cholesterol Metabolism
Cholesterol metabolism in humans is complex. Cholesterol is either supplied from the diet (exogenous) or synthesized de novo by many cells of the body (endogenous). The major factors in the diet that may increase the blood cholesterol level are high intakes of cholesterol itself, or of saturated fats and excessive calories. The liver is one of the major…
Basic Knowledge of RNA
Ribonucleic acid, or RNA is one of the three major biological macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life (along with DNA and proteins). A central tenet of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information in a cell is from DNA through RNA to proteins: “DNA makes RNA makes protein”. Proteins are…
Lipid Metabolism , Steroids and Bile Acid
Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown or storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. In animals, these fats are obtained from food or are synthesized by the liver. https://youtu.be/NR3w9stsf8E Free…
Analytical Techniques of Biotechnology
Biotechnology is an emerging field that allows scientists to use analytical techniques to study the structure and function of biomolecules. Protein purification is an all but mandatory step for studying macromolecules, but this task is not necessarily easy. https://youtu.be/nUAL9aH9W1M Several experimental methods, deductive logic, and even a little bit of…
Physiology
Physiology is the science of life. It is the branch of biology that aims to understand the mechanisms of living things, from the basis of cell function at the ionic and molecular level to the integrated behaviour of the whole body and the influence of the external environment. https://youtu.be/3lTytRVtjzo Research…